| Horace Walpole Carpentier | |
|---|---|
| Born | 1824 Galway, New York |
| Died | 1918 |
| Alma mater | Columbia College |
Horace Walpole Carpentier (1824-1918) was a lawyer and the first mayor of Oakland, California. He also served as president of the Overland Telegraph Company which oversaw the construction of the western portion of the first transcontinental telegraph in the United States.[1]
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Carpentier was born in Galway, New York in July 1824. He graduated with the Class of 1848 at Columbia College.[2]
Carpentier came to California during the gold rush, as he is listed as a passenger on the ship Panama in the New York Herald, February 6, 1849. In 1854, he was appointed "Major General" of the California State Militia.
On May 4, 1852 Horace Carpentier persuaded the new California state legislature to incorporate Oakland as a town. Then, on May 17, he persuaded the new town's trustees to pass an ordinance "for the disposal of the waterfront belonging to the town of Oakland." That ordinance gave complete, lucrative control of Oakland's waterfront to Carpentier.[3] He was ousted as mayor by an angry citizenry and replaced by Charles Campbell who became Mayor on March 5, 1855.[4]
Carpentier presided over the California State Telegraph Company, before heading the Overland Telegraph Company. The Overland was formed in order to construct the western portion of the transcontinental telegraph.[5][6] On October 24, 1861, Carpentier sent the first telegram from the west to the east over the newly-completed transcontinental telegraph line. The telegram was addressed to President Abraham Lincoln: "I announce to you that the telegraph to California has this day been completed. May it be a bond of perpetuity between the states of the Atlantic and those of the Pacific."[7] Ironically, it was also Carpentier who dispatched the telegram from Washington DC to San Francisco reporting the assassination of Abraham Lincoln in 1865.[8]
Carpentier notoriously represented members of the Peralta family, the original Spanish land grant owners of the entire region now encompassing Oakland and Berkeley, in various legal proceedings ostensibly initiated to protect their holdings. The end result of these proceedings was that Carpentier himself received large chunks of what remained of their holdings as compensation for his services. Carpentier also acquired most of Rancho Laguna de los Palos Colorados[9], and part of Rancho San Ramon.
By 1888, Carpentier had moved back to New York City.[10][11] He had a second home in Galway in Saratoga County, New York.[12] He was elected to the Board of Trustees of Columbia University, his alma mater, in 1906, serving until his death.[13] He died at his home on January 31, 1918.[14]
Carpentier remained single his entire life, although he seems to have shared a household with his sister Harriet for many years in Oakland. (Several references mention Harriet as his niece, but the 1880 US Census for Oakland and the 1900 Census for New York show "sister"). Their brother Edward also lived with them for a time. The Carpentier home was located in the oldest section of Oakland at Alice and Third Streets.[15] Carpentier had another brother, Jonas S. Carpentier, in whose name he made a donation to Columbia University. He made another donation in the name of his mother, Henrietta Carpentier [1], and another in the name of his brother Edward.